Optimal. Leaf size=479 \[ -\frac{\left (-\frac{2 a^2 c^2-4 a b^2 c+b^4}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}-2 a b c+b^3\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{x \sqrt{2 c d-e \left (b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right )}}{\sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^3 \sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt{2 c d-e \left (b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right )}}-\frac{\left (\frac{2 a^2 c^2-4 a b^2 c+b^4}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}-2 a b c+b^3\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{x \sqrt{2 c d-e \left (\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b\right )}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b} \sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^3 \sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b} \sqrt{2 c d-e \left (\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b\right )}}+\frac{\left (b^2-a c\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{e} x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^3 \sqrt{e}}+\frac{b d \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{e} x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 c^2 e^{3/2}}-\frac{b x \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{2 c^2 e}+\frac{3 d^2 \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{e} x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{8 c e^{5/2}}-\frac{3 d x \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{8 c e^2}+\frac{x^3 \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{4 c e} \]
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Rubi [A] time = 1.85821, antiderivative size = 479, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 17, number of rules used = 7, integrand size = 29, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.241, Rules used = {1303, 217, 206, 321, 1692, 377, 205} \[ -\frac{\left (-\frac{2 a^2 c^2-4 a b^2 c+b^4}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}-2 a b c+b^3\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{x \sqrt{2 c d-e \left (b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right )}}{\sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^3 \sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt{2 c d-e \left (b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right )}}-\frac{\left (\frac{2 a^2 c^2-4 a b^2 c+b^4}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}-2 a b c+b^3\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{x \sqrt{2 c d-e \left (\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b\right )}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b} \sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^3 \sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b} \sqrt{2 c d-e \left (\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b\right )}}+\frac{\left (b^2-a c\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{e} x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^3 \sqrt{e}}+\frac{b d \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{e} x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 c^2 e^{3/2}}-\frac{b x \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{2 c^2 e}+\frac{3 d^2 \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{e} x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{8 c e^{5/2}}-\frac{3 d x \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{8 c e^2}+\frac{x^3 \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{4 c e} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 1303
Rule 217
Rule 206
Rule 321
Rule 1692
Rule 377
Rule 205
Rubi steps
\begin{align*} \int \frac{x^8}{\sqrt{d+e x^2} \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )} \, dx &=\int \left (\frac{b^2-a c}{c^3 \sqrt{d+e x^2}}-\frac{b x^2}{c^2 \sqrt{d+e x^2}}+\frac{x^4}{c \sqrt{d+e x^2}}-\frac{a \left (b^2-a c\right )+b \left (b^2-2 a c\right ) x^2}{c^3 \sqrt{d+e x^2} \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )}\right ) \, dx\\ &=-\frac{\int \frac{a \left (b^2-a c\right )+b \left (b^2-2 a c\right ) x^2}{\sqrt{d+e x^2} \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )} \, dx}{c^3}-\frac{b \int \frac{x^2}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}} \, dx}{c^2}+\frac{\int \frac{x^4}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}} \, dx}{c}+\frac{\left (b^2-a c\right ) \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}} \, dx}{c^3}\\ &=-\frac{b x \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{2 c^2 e}+\frac{x^3 \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{4 c e}-\frac{\int \left (\frac{b \left (b^2-2 a c\right )+\frac{-b^4+4 a b^2 c-2 a^2 c^2}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}{\left (b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2\right ) \sqrt{d+e x^2}}+\frac{b \left (b^2-2 a c\right )-\frac{-b^4+4 a b^2 c-2 a^2 c^2}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}}{\left (b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2\right ) \sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right ) \, dx}{c^3}+\frac{\left (b^2-a c\right ) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{1-e x^2} \, dx,x,\frac{x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^3}+\frac{(b d) \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}} \, dx}{2 c^2 e}-\frac{(3 d) \int \frac{x^2}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}} \, dx}{4 c e}\\ &=-\frac{3 d x \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{8 c e^2}-\frac{b x \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{2 c^2 e}+\frac{x^3 \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{4 c e}+\frac{\left (b^2-a c\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{e} x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^3 \sqrt{e}}-\frac{\left (b^3-2 a b c-\frac{b^4-4 a b^2 c+2 a^2 c^2}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \int \frac{1}{\left (b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2\right ) \sqrt{d+e x^2}} \, dx}{c^3}-\frac{\left (b^3-2 a b c+\frac{b^4-4 a b^2 c+2 a^2 c^2}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \int \frac{1}{\left (b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2\right ) \sqrt{d+e x^2}} \, dx}{c^3}+\frac{\left (3 d^2\right ) \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}} \, dx}{8 c e^2}+\frac{(b d) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{1-e x^2} \, dx,x,\frac{x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 c^2 e}\\ &=-\frac{3 d x \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{8 c e^2}-\frac{b x \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{2 c^2 e}+\frac{x^3 \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{4 c e}+\frac{b d \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{e} x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 c^2 e^{3/2}}+\frac{\left (b^2-a c\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{e} x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^3 \sqrt{e}}-\frac{\left (b^3-2 a b c-\frac{b^4-4 a b^2 c+2 a^2 c^2}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}-\left (-2 c d+\left (b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right ) e\right ) x^2} \, dx,x,\frac{x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^3}-\frac{\left (b^3-2 a b c+\frac{b^4-4 a b^2 c+2 a^2 c^2}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}-\left (-2 c d+\left (b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right ) e\right ) x^2} \, dx,x,\frac{x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^3}+\frac{\left (3 d^2\right ) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{1-e x^2} \, dx,x,\frac{x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{8 c e^2}\\ &=-\frac{3 d x \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{8 c e^2}-\frac{b x \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{2 c^2 e}+\frac{x^3 \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{4 c e}-\frac{\left (b^3-2 a b c-\frac{b^4-4 a b^2 c+2 a^2 c^2}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2 c d-\left (b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right ) e} x}{\sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^3 \sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt{2 c d-\left (b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right ) e}}-\frac{\left (b^3-2 a b c+\frac{b^4-4 a b^2 c+2 a^2 c^2}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2 c d-\left (b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right ) e} x}{\sqrt{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^3 \sqrt{b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt{2 c d-\left (b+\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}\right ) e}}+\frac{3 d^2 \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{e} x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{8 c e^{5/2}}+\frac{b d \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{e} x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 c^2 e^{3/2}}+\frac{\left (b^2-a c\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{e} x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^3 \sqrt{e}}\\ \end{align*}
Mathematica [A] time = 1.93862, size = 461, normalized size = 0.96 \[ \frac{-\frac{8 \left (-\frac{2 a^2 c^2-4 a b^2 c+b^4}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}-2 a b c+b^3\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{x \sqrt{e \sqrt{b^2-4 a c}-b e+2 c d}}{\sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt{b-\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt{e \left (\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}-b\right )+2 c d}}-\frac{8 \left (\frac{2 a^2 c^2-4 a b^2 c+b^4}{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}}-2 a b c+b^3\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{x \sqrt{2 c d-e \left (\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b\right )}}{\sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b} \sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt{\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b} \sqrt{2 c d-e \left (\sqrt{b^2-4 a c}+b\right )}}+\frac{8 \left (b^2-a c\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{e} x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{\sqrt{e}}+\frac{4 b c d \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{e} x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )}{e^{3/2}}-\frac{4 b c x \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{e}+\frac{3 c^2 d \left (d \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{e} x}{\sqrt{d+e x^2}}\right )-\sqrt{e} x \sqrt{d+e x^2}\right )}{e^{5/2}}+\frac{2 c^2 x^3 \sqrt{d+e x^2}}{e}}{8 c^3} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [C] time = 0.029, size = 377, normalized size = 0.8 \begin{align*}{\frac{{x}^{3}}{4\,ce}\sqrt{e{x}^{2}+d}}-{\frac{3\,dx}{8\,c{e}^{2}}\sqrt{e{x}^{2}+d}}+{\frac{3\,{d}^{2}}{8\,c}\ln \left ( \sqrt{e}x+\sqrt{e{x}^{2}+d} \right ){e}^{-{\frac{5}{2}}}}-{\frac{bx}{2\,{c}^{2}e}\sqrt{e{x}^{2}+d}}+{\frac{bd}{2\,{c}^{2}}\ln \left ( \sqrt{e}x+\sqrt{e{x}^{2}+d} \right ){e}^{-{\frac{3}{2}}}}-{\frac{a}{{c}^{2}}\ln \left ( \sqrt{e}x+\sqrt{e{x}^{2}+d} \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{e}}}}+{\frac{{b}^{2}}{{c}^{3}}\ln \left ( \sqrt{e}x+\sqrt{e{x}^{2}+d} \right ){\frac{1}{\sqrt{e}}}}-{\frac{1}{2\,{c}^{3}}\sqrt{e}\sum _{{\it \_R}={\it RootOf} \left ( c{{\it \_Z}}^{4}+ \left ( 4\,be-4\,cd \right ){{\it \_Z}}^{3}+ \left ( 16\,a{e}^{2}-8\,deb+6\,c{d}^{2} \right ){{\it \_Z}}^{2}+ \left ( 4\,b{d}^{2}e-4\,c{d}^{3} \right ){\it \_Z}+c{d}^{4} \right ) }{\frac{b \left ( 2\,ac-{b}^{2} \right ){{\it \_R}}^{2}+2\, \left ( 2\,{a}^{2}ce-2\,a{b}^{2}e-2\,abcd+{b}^{3}d \right ){\it \_R}+2\,abc{d}^{2}-{b}^{3}{d}^{2}}{{{\it \_R}}^{3}c+3\,{{\it \_R}}^{2}be-3\,{{\it \_R}}^{2}cd+8\,{\it \_R}\,a{e}^{2}-4\,{\it \_R}\,bde+3\,{\it \_R}\,c{d}^{2}+b{d}^{2}e-c{d}^{3}}\ln \left ( \left ( \sqrt{e{x}^{2}+d}-\sqrt{e}x \right ) ^{2}-{\it \_R} \right ) }} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \int \frac{x^{8}}{{\left (c x^{4} + b x^{2} + a\right )} \sqrt{e x^{2} + d}}\,{d x} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [F(-1)] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \text{Timed out} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \int \frac{x^{8}}{\sqrt{d + e x^{2}} \left (a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}\right )}\, dx \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A] time = 1.23256, size = 142, normalized size = 0.3 \begin{align*} \frac{1}{8} \, \sqrt{x^{2} e + d}{\left (\frac{2 \, x^{2} e^{\left (-1\right )}}{c} - \frac{{\left (3 \, c^{5} d e + 4 \, b c^{4} e^{2}\right )} e^{\left (-3\right )}}{c^{6}}\right )} x - \frac{{\left (3 \, c^{2} d^{2} + 4 \, b c d e + 8 \, b^{2} e^{2} - 8 \, a c e^{2}\right )} e^{\left (-\frac{5}{2}\right )} \log \left ({\left (x e^{\frac{1}{2}} - \sqrt{x^{2} e + d}\right )}^{2}\right )}{16 \, c^{3}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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